An unfortunate choice of reference category can give additional lack of precision and obscure the interpretation of risk estimates. A highlighted odds ratio (OR) in the HAPO study is the OR for birth weight > 90(th) percentile for women in the highest compared to the lowest BMI category (“”obese class III”" versus “”underweight”"). This estimate was OR = 4.55 and OR = 3.52, with two different multiple logistic regression models. When using the “”normal weight”" category as the reference, our corresponding estimates were OR = 2.03 and OR = 1.62, respectively. www.selleckchem.com/products/GSK690693.html Moreover, our choice of reference category also gave narrower confidence intervals.

Summary: Due to several methodological

drawbacks, categorisation should be avoided. Modern statistical analyses should be used to analyse continuous exposure data, and to explore non-linear relations. If continuous data are categorised, special

attention must be given to the choice of reference category.”
“Background: The noninvasive evaluation of nigrostriatal dopaminergic integrity by PET can provide useful information for the differential diagnosis Z-VAD-FMK chemical structure between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of imaging striatal monoaminergic terminal integrity with the novel vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) radioligand [F-18]AV-133 and PET to distinguish DLB from AD. Methods: Fifty participants [9 DLB, 11 AD, 20 Parkinson's disease (PD) and 10 healthy age-matched control subjects (HC)] underwent [F-18]AV-133 PET studies. Additionally, 20 participants underwent amyloid imaging PET scans with either [C-11]PiB or F-18-florbetaben. VMAT2 density was calculated through normalized tissue uptake value ratios (R-T) at 120-140 min after injection using the primary visual or the cerebellar cortex as reference region. Comparison of the R T for [F-18]AV-133 was done between the different clinical diagnostic groups. Results: Significantly lower striatal VMAT2 densities were observed in DLB and PD when compared to AD and

GSK923295 datasheet HC, especially in the posterior putamen. In contrast to PD and DLB, no reductions were observed in AD patients when compared to HC. Conclusions: [F-18] AV-133 allows assessment of nigrostriatal degeneration in Lewy body diseases. In contrast to amyloid imaging, VMAT2 imaging with [F-18]AV-133 can robustly detect reductions of dopaminergic nigrostriatal afferents in DLB patients, assisting in the differential diagnosis from AD. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“A novel fabrication has been employed to produce nanocelluloses from natural fibers (hemp) and the developed nanocellulose was then used as “”coupling agent”" to modify hemp fibers themselves.

The size distribution of nano-particles (nanocellulose) was measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Results showed that the oxidation-sonication developed nanocellulose had wider size range (29-281 nm) and the average size (100-112 nm).

While much attention has been given to the cellular and molecular biology of the host tissues affected by HS, rather less has been given to the bacteria involved (most commonly Staphylococci or Streptococci). We note that the characteristics of HS comport exactly with Selleckchem Dactolisib the features of bacterial biofilm-based infections, and examined a case where HS of the buttocks had progressed to an advanced stage. Physical examination of the sinus tracks at surgery revealed

a mucinous accumulation consistent with biofilm formation. Confocal microscopic examination using Live/Dead staining revealed clusters of bacteria attached to the sinus luminal surfaces. The paradigmatic clinical features of HS, coupled with the adherent bacterial communities we observe here, suggest that HS should be considered in the expanding spectrum of bacterial biofilm-based disorders.”
“A total of 295 goats from 4 breeds (Alpine, n = 74; Angora, n = 75; Boer-cross, n = 73; Spanish, n = 73) were used to assess the retention of 3 types of electronic ruminal boluses (B1, 20 g, n = 95; B2, 75 g, n = 100; and B3, 82 g, n = 100) according to breed and feeding conditions. Time for bolus administration, reading with a handheld reader, and animal data recording (goat identification, breed, and bolus type) were registered. Each goat was also identified with 1 flag-button plastic ear tag (4.6 g, 51 x 41 mm). Retention of

boluses and ear tags was regularly monitored for 1 yr. Ruminal fluid in 5 goats from each breed and management group was obtained with an oro-ruminal probe at 2 h after feeding. Ruminal pH was measured at 24 h and at wk 1, 2, 3, and 4 and used as an indicator of feeding AG-014699 in vivo conditions on rumen environment. Time for bolus administration differed by bolus type (B1, 14 +/- 2 s; B2, 24 +/- 2 s; B3, 27 +/- 2 s; P < 0.05) and goat breed (Alpine, 34 +/- 3 s; Angora, 17 +/- 2 s; Boer-cross, 16 1 s; Spanish, 19 +/- 2 s; P < 0.05), although differences were due to greater times for B2 and B3 in Alpine click here goats. Time for bolus administration averaged 22 +/- 1 s, and overall time for bolusing, reading, and data typing was 49 +/- 1 s on average. Ruminal

pH differed according to breed and feeding management (lactating Alpine, 6.50 +/- 0.07; yearling Alpine, 6.73 +/- 0.07; Angora, 6.34 +/- 0.06; Boer-cross, 6.62 +/- 0.04; Spanish, 6.32 +/- 0.08; P < 0.05), but no early bolus losses occurred; rumen pH did not differ according to bolus type (B1, 6.45 +/- 0.05; B2, 6.39 +/- 0.07; B3, 6.49 +/- 0.05; P > 0.05). At 6 mo, electronic boluses showed greater retention than ear tags (99.7 vs. 97.2%; P < 0.05). At 12 mo, bolus retention was 96.3, 100, and 97.8% for B1, B2, and B3, respectively, not differing between B1 and B3 (P = 0.562). No effect of breed and bolus type on bolus retention was detected. No goat losing, at the same time, both bolus and ear tag was observed. Ear tag retention (91.7%) was less (P < 0.

Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the level of ANG-1, the level of ANG2 or the ratio of ANG-2: ANG-1 discriminated between individuals with UM and SM (area under the curve, pvalue: ANG-2, 0.763, p < 0.001; ANG-1, 0.884, p < 0.001; Ratio, 0.857, p < 0.001) or UM and CM (area under the curve, check details p-value: ANG-2,

0.772, p < 0.001; ANG-1, 0.778, p < 0.001; Ratio, 0.820, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: These results suggest that whole blood ANG-1/2 levels are promising clinically informative biomarkers of disease severity in malarial syndromes.”
“Single system ectopic ureter is a rare congenital malformation of the urinary tract, frequently associated with genital tract malformations. We report the first case of an adenocarcinoma arising in an ectopic ureter in a woman and mimicking uterine cervical adenocarcinoma.

see more A 34-year-old woman, previously diagnosed as having bicornuate uterus, presented with post-coital bleeding. On gynecological exam, there were two cervixes with a small nodule on the left cervix. After nodule biopsy, the initial diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an ectopic tumoral ureter draining a dysplastic pelvic kidney and inserted in the cervix of a bicornuate uterus. The patient was treated by radical hysterectomy and left nephroureterectomy. Pathological exam demonstrated an adenocarcinoma arising in the ectopic ureter. We suggest that this case could be an argument for recommending regular follow-up for women with ectopic ureter for detecting malignant transformation.”
“Objectives Individual differences Immunology & Inflammation inhibitor in stress appraisal, coping, optimism and social support have contributed to variability in adjustment to breast cancer, but less is known about their relative influence particularly at diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the predictive role of these variables on both positive and negative adjustment in a sample of recently diagnosed women. Method Data was collected from

241 women at diagnosis and post-surgery (4?months later). They completed questionnaires which assessed global and cancer-specific stress, general and cancer-specific coping, emotional adjustment (depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect) at Times 1 and 2 and benefit finding at Time 2. Results Hierarchical regression analyses (all p?<?0.01) taking account of age and cancer related variables (disease stage and type of surgery) showed that stress appraisal was the strongest and most consistent predictor of adjustment. The coping strategies, while significant, were less powerful predictors of emotional adjustment, but they explained more variance than stress on benefit finding. Stress and coping outweighed the impact of social support and optimism.

We describe, one step green synthesis of gold (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a benign solvent, i.e., water and a surfactant isolated from Trianthema decandra, i.e., saponin without any special reducing or capping agents. On treatment of aqueous solutions containing chloroauric acid or silver nitrate with a solution of saponin isolated from T. decandra, stable gold or silver nanoparticles were rapidly formed. The reduction of gold and silver ions during the reaction was analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy showed formation of gold Selleckchem ERK inhibitor nanoparticles in various shapes, including spherical, cubical and

hexagonal, while silver nanoparticles were spherical. The check details size of the gold nanoparticles was 37.7-79.9 nm and that of the silver nanoparticles was 17.9-59.6 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of metallic gold and metallic silver in the respective nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer method, indicated varied susceptibility of microorganisms to the gold and silver nanoparticles. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All

rights reserved.”
“Conformational analysis of 4-methyl-2-trimethylsiloxy-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane was performed by the dipole moment method and quantum-chemical calculations. The 1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane heteroring was found to adopt a chair conformation with equatorial orientation of the 4-methyl group and axial orientation of the irregular trimethylsiloxy substituent. The conformational equilibrium involves non-eclipsed gauche and trans conformers (the latter

prevailing) interconvertible through rotation about the exocyclic P-O bond.”
“Lipid fraction from Pinus halepensis Mill. seeds was extacted and separated by column chromatography (CC). The seeds were found to be rich in lipids (35.89% of the crude seed). Different classes of glycolipids (GLs) and phospholipids (PLs) were then separated and identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Evofosfamide in vivo (LC/MS). A relatively high level of GLs was found compared to the PLs content. Four classes of glycolipids were detected: Esterified steryl glucosides (ESG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), cerebrosides (Cer), and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG). Six classes of phospholipids were also identified: Phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl inositol (PI), phosphatidyl serine (PS), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) and diphosphatidyl glycerol (DPG). The method of quantitative determination of the sugars that make up the classes of glycolipids is described. The maximum ratio of sugars was observed in digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG). The main unsaturated fatty acids for both lipids classes are oleic acid and linoleic acid, while the main saturated fatty acids are arachidic, palmatic and stearic acids in various proportions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V.

“
“The thermally induced ultrasound emissions from printable semiconductor nanoparticles produced by the application of input pulses are demonstrated on different substrates. Printing processes that use dispersion liquids containing nanoparticles make it possible to generate ultrasound waves on flexible graphite sheets. We argue that the emission efficiency, which is the ratio

of the ultrasound pressure to the input power, is greatly affected by the thermal effusivity of the nanoparticles, especially for the shell material in core-shell structured nanoparticles. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3483946]“
“Sphingomonas pituitosa excretes the capsular exopolysaccharide PS-EDIV into the culture broth augmenting considerably its fluid viscosity. Since this change particularly IPI-145 mw affects key processes like mixing and transport during the microbial production, this work was aimed at the theological characterization of the polymer-containing culture broth of S. pituitosa. The study included investigations on basic properties of the culture broth, but also on the dependence of the biomass-polymer-solution properties on different physicochemical post-cultivation treatment steps like variations of temperature, pH-value or concentration of salts. The essential result is the characterization of the viscoelastic behavior of the culture

broth, which was more gel-like than sol-like and exhibited slight elastic properties. This theological behavior showed that the PS-EDIV culture broth formed non-Newtonian www.selleckchem.com/products/acy-738.html fluids, indicating that it is a pseudoplastic biopolymer. MCC950 chemical structure with yield stress appearance and exhibits thixotropic properties. Rheograms were fitted to the Herschel-Bulkley model. The amplitude sweep

revealed a deformation of 21% as the limiting value of the linear viscoelastic interval. Furthermore, the PS-EDIV culture broth showed a high viscosity which was strongly influenced by salt type and concentration but weakly influenced by temperature and pH-value within the investigated experimental boundaries. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“A terminology and standardized classification has yet to be developed for those complications arising directly from the insertion of synthetic (prostheses) and biological (grafts) materials in female pelvic floor surgery.

This report on the above terminology and classification combines the input of members of the Standardization and Terminology Committees of two International Organizations, the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS) and a Joint IUGA/ICS Working Group on Complications Terminology, assisted at intervals by many expert external referees. An extensive process of 11 rounds of internal and external review took place with exhaustive examination of each aspect of the terminology and classification.

At the optimal concentration (4×10(-6) M) BrZ decreased both embryo yield and conversion to less than

half the value of control embryos. Metabolic studies revealed that BL levels had profound effects on glutathione and ascorbate metabolism by altering the amounts of their reduced forms (ASC and GSH) and oxidized forms [dehydroascorbate (DHA), ascorbate free radicals (AFRs), and GSSG]. Applications of BL switched the glutathione and ascorbate pools towards the oxidized forms, thereby lowering the ASC/ASC+DHA+AFR and GSH/GSH+GSSG ratios. These changes were ascribed to the ability of BL to increase the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and decrease that of glutathione reductase (GR). This trend was reversed in a BL-depleted environment, effected by BrZ applications. These metabolic

alterations were associated with selleck chemical changes in embryo structure and performance. BL-treated MDEs developed zygotic-like shoot apical meristems (SAMs) whereas embryos treated with BrZ developed abnormal meristems. In the presence of BrZ, embryos either lacked a visible SAM, or formed SAMs in which the meristematic cells showed signs of differentiation, such as vacuolation and storage product accumulation. These Fer-1 research buy abnormalities were accompanied by the lack or misexpression of three meristem marker genes isolated from Brassica napus (denoted Selleck Fer-1 as BnSTM, BnCLV1, and BnZLL-1) homologous to the Arabidopsis SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM), CLAVATA 1 (CLV1), and ZWILLE (ZLL). The expression of BnSTM and BnCLV1 increased after a few days in cultures in embryos treated with BL whereas an opposite tendency was observed with applications of BrZ. Compared with control embryos where these two genes exhibited abnormal localization patterns, BnSTM and BnCLV1 always localized throughout the subapical domains of BL-treated embryos in

a zygotic-like fashion. Expression of both genes was often lost in the SAM of BrZ-treated embryos. The results suggest that maintenance of cellular BL levels is required to modulate the ascorbate and glutathione redox status during embryogenesis to ensure proper development of the embryos and formation of functional apical meristems.”
“A spectroscopic ellipsometry compatible approach is reported for the optical study of Si quantum dots (QDs) in Si-rich nitride/silicon nitride (SRN/Si3N4) superlattice, which based on Tauc-Lorentz model and Bruggeman effective medium approximation. It is shown that the optical constants and dielectric functions of Si QDs are strongly size dependent. The suppressed imaginary dielectric function of Si QDs exhibits a single broad peak analogous to amorphous Si, which centered between the transition energies E-1 and E-2 of bulk crystalline Si and blue shifted toward E-2 as the QD size reduced.

Conclusion. These data demonstrate that in vitro ligand-induced gene expression can be stimulated Ro-3306 cost and effectively turned off by removal of the ligand. In addition, we demonstrated the in vivo utility of this system through showing up-regulation of GFP without nonspecific gene expression or expression in adjacent tissues. This system, therefore, has the potential to increase the safety of gene therapy in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.”
“PEGylated conjugate

of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was synthesized by reacting MCC with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 in the presence of catalyst at elevated temperature. Conjugation between MCC and PEG was confirmed by FT-IR and (1)H NMR studies. The conjugate showed 61% PEG content increase in molecular weight determined by mass spectroscopy. PEGylation did not improve solubility of cellulose significantly. The physico-chemical properties of conjugate were compared against MCC. This conjugate was evaluated for water vapor uptake isotherms, maximum water saturation, water penetration rate, disintegration learn more time, superdisintegration power, and dissolution study. After comparing its results with that of commercial superdisintegrants, it can be concluded that MCC-PEG conjugate can

prove to be a good superdisintegrant.”
“Study Design. Case report.

Objective. To report a rare complication of atlantoaxial fusion.

Summary of Background Data. Vertebral artery injury is a serious complication of screw-based atlantoaxial fusion. To our knowledge, injury to the vertebral artery has only been described as a result of screw placement. We describe the first case of atlantoaxial fixation complicated by symptomatic and reversible external compression of the vertebral artery by the rod in a Harms construct.

Methods. Medical records and imaging reports were reviewed.

Results. A neurologically intact 84-year-old woman presented after a ground-level fall. Imaging revealed a nondisplaced type II odontoid fracture associated with a C1 ring fracture. She underwent a minimally invasive Harms atlantoaxial

fusion. After surgery, she developed Wnt signaling fluctuating level of consciousness in the setting of an otherwise normal neurologic and metabolic workup. A computed tomographic angiogram was obtained and showed good screw placement except for compression of the right vertebral artery from the right transfixing rod causing 75% luminal narrowing. She underwent a revision with rod shortening, and after surgery, improved neurologically, without any further episodes of altered mental status.

Conclusion. In atlantoaxial fusion, the incidence of vertebral artery compression by the rod component of fusion construct may be underreported because it is difficult to detect with noncontrast computed tomography without computed tomographic angiography, which is not routinely obtained unless there is a high suspicion for vascular injury.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used to treat severe refractory CCH, but assessment of its efficacy has been limited to open studies. We performed a prospective crossover, double-blind, multicenter study assessing the efficacy and safety of unilateral hypothalamic DBS in 11 patients with severe refractory CCH. The randomized

phase compared active and sham stimulation during 1-month periods, and was followed by a 1-year open phase. The Vorinostat solubility dmso severity of CCH was assessed by the weekly attacks frequency (primary outcome), pain intensity, sumatriptan injections, emotional impact (HAD) and quality of life (SF12). Tolerance was assessed by active surveillance of behavior, homeostatic and hormonal functions. During the randomized phase, no significant change in primary and secondary outcome measures was observed between active and sham stimulation. At the end of the open phase, 6/11 responded to the chronic stimulation (weekly frequency of attacks decrease > 50%), including three pain-free patients. There were three serious adverse events, including subcutaneous infection, transient loss of consciousness and micturition syncopes. No significant change Torin 1 chemical structure in hormonal functions or electrolytic balance was observed. Randomized phase findings of this study did not support the efficacy of DBS in refractory CCH, but open phase findings suggested long-term efficacy in more

than 50% patients, confirming previous data, without high morbidity. Discrepancy between these findings justifies additional controlled find more studies (clinicaltrials.gov number NCT00662935).”
“Deep body temperature in mammals is generally but incorrectly regarded as uniform. Alterations of temperature in oviducts and preovulatory Graafian follicles may play a vital role in gamete maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development. At a molecular level, the conformation of regulatory proteins is susceptible to changes in temperature. Deviation from physiological temperature during IVF procedures could thereby exert a profound influence on patterns of gene expression as the embryonic genome unfolds during early cleavage stages and act

to generate specific anomalies. Systematic studies are urgently required. (C) 2012, Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The majority of patients with migraine headaches are treated in non-specialized institutions though data on treatment outcomes are largely derived from tertiary care centers. The current non-interventional study explores efficacy and tolerability outcomes of patients with episodic migraines receiving topiramate as preventive agent in a general practice setting. A total of 366 patients (87% female, mean age 41.8 +/- A 11.6 years) were eligible for migraine prevention and treated with flexible dose topiramate for 6 months (core phase), and optionally for a total of 12 months (follow-up phase). Overall, 261 patients (77.

apella is notable for the diversity of its tool-use selleck chemicals repertoire, particularly in marginal habitats. Although C. capucinus does not often use tools, white-faced capuchins do specialize in foods requiring multi-step processing, and there are often multiple techniques used by different individuals within the same social group. Immatures preferentially observe foragers who are eating rare foods and hard-to-process foods. Young foragers, especially females, tend to adopt the same foraging techniques as their close associates.”
“The irreversible

transition for octahedral Fe3+ ion in Nd3Fe5O12 garnet from low-spin (LS) (S = 1/2) state to high-spin (HS) state (S = 5/2) was induced by increasing temperature. The experimental value of entropy change of LS-HS transition is in good agreement with theoretical estimations. The crystal structure is stable below

873 K. The spin state transition corresponds to the changes of the observed magnetization and Curie temperature of Nd3Fe5O12, in which saturated magnetization is consistent with calculating value. The increase of the Curie point indicates that the change of spin state results selleck in strength in energy of superexchange interaction between two kinds of iron ions. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3656719]“
“Filler materials are part and parcel for the adjustment of adhesives, in particular, their rheological and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the thermal stability of adhesives can be positively influenced by the addition of an expedient filler, with inorganic types common practice in most cases. In this study, one-component moisture-curing polyurethane adhesives for engineered wood products

based on isocyanate prepolymers with different polymer-filled polyether polyols were investigated with regard to the filler’s potential to increase the thermal stability of bonded wood joints. The property changes due to the addition of fillers were determined by means of mechanical tests on bonded wood joints and on pure adhesive films at different temperatures up to 200 degrees C. Additional analyses by atomic force and environmental Selleckchem PXD101 scanning electron microscopy advanced the understanding of the effects of the filler. The tested organic fillers, styrene acrylonitrile, a polyurea dispersion, and polyamide, caused increases in the cohesive strength and stiffness over the whole temperature range. However, the selected filler type was hardly important with regard to the tensile shear strength of the bonded wood joints at high temperatures, although the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the adhesive films differed over a wide range. Prepolymers with a lower initial strength and stiffness resulted in worse cohesion, in particular, at high temperatures. This disadvantage, however, could be compensated by means of the filler material. Ultimately, the addition of filler material resulted in optimized adhesive properties only in a well-balanced combination with the prepolymer used.

(C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Objective: The build-up in insulin levels following repeated injection of prandial insulin at close intervals-referred AZD9291 research buy to as insulin stacking-can increase the risk of hypoglycemia. With the development of basal insulins with a half-life >24 hours and a duration of action >40 hours, clinicians

may be concerned about stacking when these long-acting formulations are administered once daily. The objective of this review is to clarify the difference between inappropriate insulin stacking when shorter-acting insulin formulations are repeatedly used to correct hyperglycemia and the appropriate accumulation of long-acting insulin formulations dosed to steady-state pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles.

Methods: Relevant literature on insulin stacking, glucose-clamp studies, and clinical studies of insulin, in conjunction with the clinical experience of the authors, were used to present an overview of insulin PK

properties and the effects of appropriate and inappropriate dosing intervals on steady-state conditions and likely clinical outcomes.

Results: Clinical studies confirm theoretical PK principles showing that unwanted insulin stacking (excessive concentrations) for basal insulin can be avoided by following recommended dosing and titration algorithms. Longacting basal insulins need more time to reach steady state than

shorter-acting basal insulins but then show reduced peak-trough fluctuations, translating into more Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor consistent biologic action over a 24-hour period.

Conclusion: see more The unwanted stacking and consequent hypoglycemia that can occur when correctional doses of rapid-acting insulin are administered at close intervals does not occur when long-acting basal insulins are dosed in appropriate amounts and adjusted at appropriate time intervals (e.g., insulin stacking, insulin administration, diabetes, ultralong duration of action, hypoglycemia every three or more days), allowing for pharmacologic steady-state accumulation.”
“Background: ‘Rapid Access’ TIA Clinics use the ABCD(2) score to triage patients as it is not possible to see everyone with a suspected TIA <24 h. Those scoring 0-3 are seen within seven days, while patients scoring 4-7 are seen as soon as possible (preferably <24 h). It was hypothesized that patients scoring 4-7 would have a higher yield of significant carotid disease.

Methods: Prospective study of correlation between Family Doctor (FD) or Emergency Department (ED) ABCD(2) score and specialist consultant Stroke Physician measured ABCD(2) score and prevalence of >= 50% ipsilateral carotid stenosis or occlusion in patients presenting with ‘any territory’ TIA/minor stroke or ‘carotid territory’ TIA/minor stroke.

Results: Between 1.10.2008 and 31.04.