Conclusion. These data demonstrate that in vitro ligand-induced gene expression can be stimulated Ro-3306 cost and effectively turned off by removal of the ligand. In addition, we demonstrated the in vivo utility of this system through showing up-regulation of GFP without nonspecific gene expression or expression in adjacent tissues. This system, therefore, has the potential to increase the safety of gene therapy in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.”
“PEGylated conjugate
of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was synthesized by reacting MCC with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 in the presence of catalyst at elevated temperature. Conjugation between MCC and PEG was confirmed by FT-IR and (1)H NMR studies. The conjugate showed 61% PEG content increase in molecular weight determined by mass spectroscopy. PEGylation did not improve solubility of cellulose significantly. The physico-chemical properties of conjugate were compared against MCC. This conjugate was evaluated for water vapor uptake isotherms, maximum water saturation, water penetration rate, disintegration learn more time, superdisintegration power, and dissolution study. After comparing its results with that of commercial superdisintegrants, it can be concluded that MCC-PEG conjugate can
prove to be a good superdisintegrant.”
“Study Design. Case report.
Objective. To report a rare complication of atlantoaxial fusion.
Summary of Background Data. Vertebral artery injury is a serious complication of screw-based atlantoaxial fusion. To our knowledge, injury to the vertebral artery has only been described as a result of screw placement. We describe the first case of atlantoaxial fixation complicated by symptomatic and reversible external compression of the vertebral artery by the rod in a Harms construct.
Methods. Medical records and imaging reports were reviewed.
Results. A neurologically intact 84-year-old woman presented after a ground-level fall. Imaging revealed a nondisplaced type II odontoid fracture associated with a C1 ring fracture. She underwent a minimally invasive Harms atlantoaxial
fusion. After surgery, she developed Wnt signaling fluctuating level of consciousness in the setting of an otherwise normal neurologic and metabolic workup. A computed tomographic angiogram was obtained and showed good screw placement except for compression of the right vertebral artery from the right transfixing rod causing 75% luminal narrowing. She underwent a revision with rod shortening, and after surgery, improved neurologically, without any further episodes of altered mental status.
Conclusion. In atlantoaxial fusion, the incidence of vertebral artery compression by the rod component of fusion construct may be underreported because it is difficult to detect with noncontrast computed tomography without computed tomographic angiography, which is not routinely obtained unless there is a high suspicion for vascular injury.