apella is notable for the diversity of its tool-use selleck chemicals repertoire, particularly in marginal habitats. Although C. capucinus does not often use tools, white-faced capuchins do specialize in foods requiring multi-step processing, and there are often multiple techniques used by different individuals within the same social group. Immatures preferentially observe foragers who are eating rare foods and hard-to-process foods. Young foragers, especially females, tend to adopt the same foraging techniques as their close associates.”
“The irreversible

transition for octahedral Fe3+ ion in Nd3Fe5O12 garnet from low-spin (LS) (S = 1/2) state to high-spin (HS) state (S = 5/2) was induced by increasing temperature. The experimental value of entropy change of LS-HS transition is in good agreement with theoretical estimations. The crystal structure is stable below

873 K. The spin state transition corresponds to the changes of the observed magnetization and Curie temperature of Nd3Fe5O12, in which saturated magnetization is consistent with calculating value. The increase of the Curie point indicates that the change of spin state results selleck in strength in energy of superexchange interaction between two kinds of iron ions. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3656719]“
“Filler materials are part and parcel for the adjustment of adhesives, in particular, their rheological and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the thermal stability of adhesives can be positively influenced by the addition of an expedient filler, with inorganic types common practice in most cases. In this study, one-component moisture-curing polyurethane adhesives for engineered wood products

based on isocyanate prepolymers with different polymer-filled polyether polyols were investigated with regard to the filler’s potential to increase the thermal stability of bonded wood joints. The property changes due to the addition of fillers were determined by means of mechanical tests on bonded wood joints and on pure adhesive films at different temperatures up to 200 degrees C. Additional analyses by atomic force and environmental Selleckchem PXD101 scanning electron microscopy advanced the understanding of the effects of the filler. The tested organic fillers, styrene acrylonitrile, a polyurea dispersion, and polyamide, caused increases in the cohesive strength and stiffness over the whole temperature range. However, the selected filler type was hardly important with regard to the tensile shear strength of the bonded wood joints at high temperatures, although the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the adhesive films differed over a wide range. Prepolymers with a lower initial strength and stiffness resulted in worse cohesion, in particular, at high temperatures. This disadvantage, however, could be compensated by means of the filler material. Ultimately, the addition of filler material resulted in optimized adhesive properties only in a well-balanced combination with the prepolymer used.