We describe, one step green synthesis of gold (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a benign solvent, i.e., water and a surfactant isolated from Trianthema decandra, i.e., saponin without any special reducing or capping agents. On treatment of aqueous solutions containing chloroauric acid or silver nitrate with a solution of saponin isolated from T. decandra, stable gold or silver nanoparticles were rapidly formed. The reduction of gold and silver ions during the reaction was analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy showed formation of gold Selleckchem ERK inhibitor nanoparticles in various shapes, including spherical, cubical and

hexagonal, while silver nanoparticles were spherical. The check details size of the gold nanoparticles was 37.7-79.9 nm and that of the silver nanoparticles was 17.9-59.6 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of metallic gold and metallic silver in the respective nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer method, indicated varied susceptibility of microorganisms to the gold and silver nanoparticles. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All

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“Conformational analysis of 4-methyl-2-trimethylsiloxy-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane was performed by the dipole moment method and quantum-chemical calculations. The 1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane heteroring was found to adopt a chair conformation with equatorial orientation of the 4-methyl group and axial orientation of the irregular trimethylsiloxy substituent. The conformational equilibrium involves non-eclipsed gauche and trans conformers (the latter

prevailing) interconvertible through rotation about the exocyclic P-O bond.”
“Lipid fraction from Pinus halepensis Mill. seeds was extacted and separated by column chromatography (CC). The seeds were found to be rich in lipids (35.89% of the crude seed). Different classes of glycolipids (GLs) and phospholipids (PLs) were then separated and identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Evofosfamide in vivo (LC/MS). A relatively high level of GLs was found compared to the PLs content. Four classes of glycolipids were detected: Esterified steryl glucosides (ESG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG), cerebrosides (Cer), and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG). Six classes of phospholipids were also identified: Phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl inositol (PI), phosphatidyl serine (PS), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) and diphosphatidyl glycerol (DPG). The method of quantitative determination of the sugars that make up the classes of glycolipids is described. The maximum ratio of sugars was observed in digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG). The main unsaturated fatty acids for both lipids classes are oleic acid and linoleic acid, while the main saturated fatty acids are arachidic, palmatic and stearic acids in various proportions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V.