We found that the sound-induced vasoconstriction was larger for sounds presented in the inspiration phase than for those presented in the expiration phase, suggesting that the respiration network-derived sympathetic tone works as a gate for the sound-induced sympathetic tone. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The
regulation of the alternation between rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) is still a matter of much debate. It is also an important topic for psychiatric research, since both sleep components show anomalies in Major check details Depressive Disorders (MDD) and related syndromes. In previous studies on healthy controls, we showed preferential links of the number of ultradian cycles with REMS-related variables rather than with NREMS-related variables. REMS Latency (RL), for example, was shown to be inversely related to the number of cycles. The present study replicates these analyses in a group of 29 patients with MDD (age range: 23-56; 16 females), after two adaptation nights. Results showed significant correlations between the number of cycles and REMS, and between the number of cycles and RL, whereas correlations with NREMS were not significant. This indirectly supports regulation hypotheses considering REMS as the main focus of the oscillation, inhibiting and interrupting NREMS. Also, when the RL is shorter, DNA Damage inhibitor there are more ultradian
cycles than when the RL is long. This adds an interesting element in the elucidation of the physiological meaning of anomalies of R-L. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights
reserved.”
“Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors (ARs) elicits responses arising from protein kinase A Urease (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of target proteins that regulate Ca2+-dependent excitation-contraction coupling. Some important targets for beta-AR- and PKA-dependent pathways, including the sarcolemmal Na+-K+ pump, also undergo oxidative modifications in response to activation of receptor-coupled redox signaling pathways in cardiac myocytes. Here, we highlight how beta(1)- and beta(3)-AR signaling have opposing effects on functionally important oxidative modification of the Na+-K+ pump molecular complex and how the addition of redox dependence to the canonical phosphorylation dependence of the scheme for beta-AR signaling in general expands its versatility but also its complexity. The expanded scheme integrates increased oxidative stress into the pathophysiological effects of adrenergic hyperactivity and provides mechanistic explanation for the efficacy of beta-AR blockers in heart failure in which raised intracellular Na+ levels are detrimental an explanation not provided by traditionally held views on beta-AR-mediated regulation of the pump function. (Trends Cardiovasc Med 2012;22:83-87) Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.