The study was partially funded by NutriMarine Life Science AS. In

accordance with the authors’ declared independency, NutriMarine Life Science AS was not at any point involved in study design, data sampling, data analysis or preparation of the written product. Authors’ contributions GV, BRR and SE contributed to conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data. SE drafted the paper and all authors contributed by revising it critically. All authors approved the final version to be published. The experiments were performed in the laboratory facility at Lillehammer University College.”
“Introduction It has been suggested that exacerbated oxidative stress and its consequent oxidative damage may be mediators involved in cardiovascular diseases, such as systemic arterial hypertension [1]. Supporting OSI-906 price this notion, a reduction in antioxidant bioavailability along with increased oxidative stress has been reported in both experimental and human hypertension [2].

Creatine (Cr) supplementation has emerged as a promising adjunct therapy in several pathological conditions [3], including cardiovascular diseases [4, 5]. Interestingly, a growing body of experimental and clinical literature has suggested that Cr may exert protective effect in diseases where exacerbated oxidative stress plays a detrimental role (e.g., Huntington’s disease) [6–8]. In fact, in vitro experiments have revealed that Cr may possess antioxidant properties by acting as a scavenger of free radicals, such as superoxide anions and peroxynitrite [8, 9]. For instance, Cr pre-loading was found to be cytoprotective in different eFT508 purchase cell cultures with oxidative stressors (i.e., H2O2, tBOOH and peroxynitrite) [10]. Moreover, Cr may also “”indirectly”"

attenuate the formation of reactive oxygen species trough the coupling of Cr with ATP into the mitochondria, ultimately resulting in a more efficient mitochondrial respiration and delayed accumulation of ADPf (i.e., the concentration of unbound ADP in the cytoplasm), which has been implicated in IMP and subsequently ROS formation [8, 11]. This latter, in turn, may lead to oxidative Depsipeptide solubility dmso stress with formation of chemical products of ROS reactions, such as oxidised glutathione and lipid hydroperoxides [12]. Despite the potential antioxidant capacity of Cr supplementation, its effects on oxidative stress and, consequently, cardiovascular parameters in experimental models of hypertension are still unknown. This is a short-report on the effects of Cr supplementation on oxidative stress, heart LY333531 solubility dmso structure, and arterial blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a well-established experimental model of arterial hypertension [13]. Material and methods Procedures This study was approved by the institution’s ethical committee and was conducted in accordance with the National Research Council’s Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.