Was his theory recognized by the scientific community?   Benson: Yeah, I think, for a while   Leaving Berkeley Buchanan: Now let’s go to the time you left Berkeley. You left Calvin’s laboratory after the evidence for formulating the photosynthetic carbon cycle was complete. Under what conditions did you leave Berkeley?   Benson: He said it was time to get out of here, “time to go,” as he said.   Buchanan: So Calvin released

you.   Benson: Released? I wasn’t getting anything for it.   C646 nmr Buchanan: So, would you use the word “fired?”   Benson: Yeah.   Buchanan: Did you have a job waiting for you?   Benson: No! So I—I called my brother-in-law at Penn State. And he called the head of the department—say, “Sure! Have him come over. We’ll do everything for him.” So there I was. So I had very good graduate students at Penn State.   Buchanan: And what did you accomplish at Penn State? What was your major work?   Benson: Well, I discovered URMC-099 manufacturer phosphatidylglycerol for one thing.   Buchanan: In plants.   Benson: Yeah.   Buchanan: And the sulfur lipids.   Benson: And sulfonic acid. Nobody ever heard of a sulfonic acid in natural compounds. But I invented that.   Calvin’s writing and management styles Buchanan:

So these were pioneering contributions as well. You mentioned to me once that Calvin had a remarkable memory.   Benson: Yeah, he did. When we were publishing a paper, he would march around the table and just dictate the paper to Marilyn who was an excellent secretary.   Buchanan: Calvin was known for his organization and management skills. Were these skills apparent in the way he ran his research group?   Benson: Yeah—wasn’t apparent but actually it was the case. And the real manager of Melvin Calvin was his secretary, who was brilliant. And she kept him communicating

with chemists all over the world. Calvin would start lecturing as if he didn’t know anything. And then he would increase in volume and—and everything, where he explained everything. (laughs) And that was a click here masterful job.   Buchanan: Did you and Calvin remain on friendly terms after you left his group?   Benson: We never were on unfriendly terms but would—I just sort of put up with it.   A typical day in the Calvin Laboratory Buchanan: Now let’s talk about life in Calvin’s laboratory on a day-to-day basis. What was a typical day in the laboratory Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase like?   Benson: Well, at 8:00, there was Melvin Calvin in his business suit, with “What’s new?” Because we’d been working all night, running chromatograms and treating them. Usually we didn’t tell him everything. Because sometimes we didn’t have much news and then we could tell him.   Buchanan: So you would save something—   Benson: Yeah.   Buchanan: —in the bank, so to speak. What took place in the Friday morning group meetings?   Benson: Oh, they were pretty effective. But the interactions between the individuals didn’t amount to too much. That’s my opinion.