Urinary symptoms were documented before and after surgery with a structured history and examination pro forma. Demographic, clinical and imaging parameters were reviewed to determine any association with preoperative and postoperative symptoms as well as possible risk factors for postoperative stress urinary incontinence.
Results: The most common presenting symptoms were urinary urgency and frequency (60%), and dyspareunia (56%). On physical examination the most common
findings were a tender anterior vaginal wall mass (88%) and urethral discharge (40%). At a mean followup of 15.1 +/- 14.9 months (median 12) the rate of urgency-frequency symptoms and dyspareunia decreased significantly from 60% to 16% and from 56% to 8%, respectively. All the patients who had urge incontinence were cured of this symptom after the operation. De novo stress urinary incontinence developed in 4 patients PCI-32765 in vivo (16%) postoperatively, and it was mild and only necessitated surgical treatment in 1 patient. A diverticulum larger than 30 mm and proximal urethral location were significant factors (p < 0.05) for the development of
de novo stress urinary incontinence.
Conclusions: Irritative bladder symptoms are common in woman with urethral diverticulum and usually resolve after surgical excision. Stress urinary incontinence developed immediately after the operation, and had a significant association with a proximal urethral location check details and ultrasonically measured size greater than 30 mm.”
“Handedness refers to a consistent asymmetry in skill or preferential
use between the hands and is related to lateralization within the brain of other functions such as language. Previous twin studies of handedness have yielded inconsistent results resulting from a general lack of statistical power to find significant effects. Here we present analyses from a large international collaborative study of handedness (assessed by writing/drawing or self report) in Australian and Dutch twins Axenfeld syndrome and their siblings (54,270 individuals from 25,732 families). Maximum likelihood analyses incorporating the effects of known covariates (sex. year of birth and birth weight) revealed no evidence of hormonal transfer, mirror imaging or twin specific effects. There were also no differences in prevalence between zygosity groups or between twins and their singleton siblings. Consistent with previous meta-analyses, additive genetic effects accounted for about a quarter (23.64%) of the variance (95%CI 20.17,27.09%) with the remainder accounted for by non-shared environmental influences. The implications of these findings for handedness both as a primary phenotype and as a covariate in linkage and association analyses are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Prostate enlargement is common as men age.