The surface morphology, surface roughness of fissure cavities, and the degree of microleakage after laser treatment were compared with those after bristle brush treatment in vitro. Sixty extracted human teeth were used in this study. The teeth were

randomly divided into two groups of 30 each. Artificial fissures were prepared in all teeth into which artificial organic debris was placed. The debris in 30 teeth of one group was removed by means of Er:YAG laser system and the remaining 30 teeth were cleaned using a bristle brush with prophylaxis paste. Surface morphology and surface roughness of were analyzed in ten samples PCI-32765 ic50 from each group by color laser three-dimensional (3D) microscopy and by scanning electron microscopic examination. The remaining samples were then filled with sealant and subjected to a microleakage test

under thermocycling. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test; a value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Morphologically, most of the debris was click here removed by Er:YAG laser treatment, whereas some fissures were not cleaned by bristle brush. However, microleakage test of both laser and etched brush methods showed similar results. Laser technique might facilitate good adaptation of resin sealant to enamel, because of an increase in surface roughness and favorable surface characteristics.”
“The incidence of pleural infection continues to rise worldwide. Identifying the causative organism(s) is important to guide antimicrobial therapy. The bacteriology of pleural infection is complex and has changed over time. Recent data suggest that the bacterial causes of empyema are significantly different between adult and paediatric patients, between community-acquired and nosocomial empyemas and can vary among geographical regions of the world. Since the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines, a change has been observed in the distribution of the Cyclopamine cost serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in empyema. These observations have implications on therapy and vaccine strategies. Clinicians need to

be aware of the local bacteriology of empyema in order to guide antibiotic treatment.”
“The use of prosthetic material to prevent incisional hernia in clean-contaminated procedures as bariatric surgery remains controversial. We present our experience on 45 consecutive morbidly obese patients undergoing biliopancreatic diversion that was closed using a polypropylene mesh. Moreover, we reviewed the outcome of the 50 previous consecutive obese patients who underwent biliopancreatic diversion and conventional closure of the abdomen in order to compare the outcome between the two groups after a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Between January 2006 and February 2010, 95 morbidly obese patients underwent open biliopancreatic diversion at our department.