Sequence analysis also specified that 16S rRNA sequences of Streptomyces sp. NIOT-VKKMA02

was closely related to the phylogenetic neighbors; Streptomyces flaveus, Streptomyces flavolimosus RAD001 supplier and Streptomyces flavothis website griseus with sequence similarity of 100 and 99%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on neighbor-joining tree (Figure 6) further revealed that strain NIOT-VKKMA02 formed a distinct branch with Streptomyces griseus. 16S rRNA sequences of Streptomyces sp. NIOT-VKKMA26 [GenBank: KC593859] was highly homologous (100%) with reported sequences of Streptomyces venezuelae [GenBank: AB184308]. Sequence analysis also indicated that 16S rRNA sequence of Streptomyces sp. NIOT-VKKMA26 was highly homologous to the phylogenetic neighbors; Streptomyces phaeochromogenes, Streptomyces zaomyceticus, Streptomyces exfoliatus and Streptomyces tateritius with sequence similarity of 100 and 99%. Neighbor-joining tree also disclosed that strain NIOT-VKKMA26 forms a single cluster with Streptomyces venezuelae (Figure 6). The sequences of Saccharopolyspora sp. NIOT-VKKMA22 [GenBank: KC593860] also established 100% homology

with the previous report of Saccharopolyspora salina [GenBank: EF687715]. BLAST analysis also indicated that 16S rRNA sequences of Saccharopolyspora sp. NIOT-VKKMA22 was found extremely related to the phylogenetic neighbors; Saccharopolyspora rosea, Regorafenib nmr Saccharopolyspora halophila, Saccharopolyspora pogona

and Saccharopolyspora erythraea with the similarity between 95 and 94%. Neighbor-joining tree (Figure 6) also disclosed a distinct pentoxifylline cluster between NIOT-VKKMA22 and Saccharopolyspora salina. Actinobacterial species switched to different clusters indicates the divergence among organisms and degree of divergence in sequences. 16S rRNA sequence analysis clearly concluded that our isolates Streptomyces sp. NIOT-VKKMA02, Streptomyces sp. NIOT-VKKMA26 and Saccharopolyspora sp. NIOT-VKKMA22 are as Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces venezuelae and Saccharopolyspora salina, respectively. No report accomplished the presence/occurrence of these marine actinobacreia from this emerald Island and further studies on fatty acid profiling and GC content analysis among these strains will be the added authentication to confirm our isolates as novel. Figure 6 Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA sequences using neighbor-joining method for the strains NIOT-VKKMA02, NIOT-VKKMA26 and NIOT-VKKMA22. Branch distances represent nucleotide substitution rate and scale bar represents the number of changes per nucleotide position. Description for Streptomyces griseus NIOT-VKKMA02 Gram positive, non-acid fast, non-motile, aerobic, very long rods and filamentous organism, spores on aerial mycelium, looped or spiral chains observed by cover-slip method and evaluated by phase contrast microscope.