Science 1997, 278:1928–1931.CrossRef 67. Thielges MC, Fayer MD: Protein dynamics studied with ultrafast two-dimensional infrared vibrational echo spectroscopy. Accounts Chem Res 2012, 45:1866–1874.CrossRef 68. Mouthuy P-O, Coulombier M, Pardoen T, Raskin J-P, Jonas AM: Overcurvature describes the buckling
and folding of rings from curved origami to foldable tents. Nat Commun 2012, 3:1290.CrossRef 69. Rutter JW: Geometry of Curves. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall; 2000. 70. Landau LD, Lifshitz EM: JNK-IN-8 purchase Theory of Elasticity. 2nd English edn. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1970. 71. Grosberg AIU, Khokhlov AR: Statistical Physics of Macromolecules. New York: AIP Press; 1994. 72. Yamakawa H: Modern Theory of Polymer Solutions. New York: Harper & Row; 1971. 73. Hagerman PJ: Flexibility of DNA. Annu Rev Biophys Bio 1988, 17:265–286.CrossRef 74. Brinkers eFT508 molecular weight S, Dietrich HRC, De Groote FH, Young IT, Rieger B: The persistence length of double stranded DNA determined using dark field tethered particle motion. J Chem Phys 2009, 130:215105.CrossRef 75. Moras G, Pastewka L, Walter M, Schnagl J, Gumbsch P,
Moseler M: Progressive shortening of sp-hybridized carbon chains through oxygen-induced cleavage. J Phys Chem C 2011, 115:24653–24661.CrossRef 76. Semsey S, Virnik K, Adhya S: A gamut of loops: meandering DNA. Trends Biochem Sci 2005, 30:334–341.CrossRef 77. Zhang Y, McEwen AE, Crothers DM, Levene Org 27569 SD: Statistical-mechanical theory of DNA looping. Biophys J 2006, 90:1903–1912.CrossRef 78. Castelli IE, Ferri N, Onida G, Manini N: Carbon sp chains in graphene nanoholes. J Phys-Condens Mat 2012, 24:104019.CrossRef 79. Xu B, Lin JY, Lim SH, Feng YP: Structural and electronic properties of BIRB 796 cost finite carbon chains encapsulated into carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem
C 2009, 113:21314–21318.CrossRef 80. Zhao XL, Ando Y, Liu Y, Jinno M, Suzuki T: Carbon nanowire made of a long linear carbon chain inserted inside a multiwalled carbon nanotube. Phys Rev Lett 2003, 90:187401.CrossRef Competing interests The author declares no competing interests.”
“Background Much of the recent effort to develop photovoltaics (PV) has focused on third-generation PV. The third-generation PV is defined by cost and power conversion efficiency (PCE) greater than the Shockley-Queisser limit of 32% [1]. It can be reached through device architecture innovations, multiple-carrier generation using impact ionization, and new materials. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been proposed as useful materials for third-generation PV because of their ability to generate multiple excitons. Also, by changing the physical dimensions of CQDs, band gaps can be tuned from the visible to the infrared region using low-cost solution-processed fabrication. CQD PV has been studied in various ways using the following: Schottky CQD solar cells [2], depleted heterojunction CQD solar cells [3], and CQD-sensitized solar cells [4].