R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina). Seventeen Argentinean F. poae isolates from different regions and

hosts selected at random were analysed by HPLC/FD to test NIV/DON production (Table 1). Fusarium poae isolates were cultured in Erlenmeyer flasks (250 mL) containing 25 g of long-grain rice. Ten mL of distilled water was added before autoclaving for 30 min at 121 °C, twice. Each flask was inoculated with a 3-mm diameter agar disc taken from the margin of a colony grown on SNA (Nirenberg, 1976) at 25 °C for 7 days. Flasks were shaken once a day by hand for 1 week. These cultures were incubated for 28 days at 25 °C in the dark. At the end of the incubation period, the contents of the flask Ipilimumab manufacturer were dried at 50 °C for 24 h and then stored at −20 °C until being analysed for toxin. Toxin extraction and clean-up were carried out using a modified version of that originally reported

by Cooney et al. (2001). For the detection of NIV and DON, the analysis was performed using the conditions described by Barros et al. (2008). The dried residue was dissolved in 400 μL of methanol/water (5 : 95), homogenized in a vortex mixer and injected into the HPLC system by full-loop injection technique (Hewlett Packard model 1100 pump, Palo Alto, CA and Rheodyne manual injector with a 50 μL loop; Rheodyne, Cotati, CA). The HPLC system consisted of a Hewlett Packard model 1100 pump connected to a Hewlett Packard 1100 Series variable wavelength detector and a data module Hewlett Packard Kayak XA (HP ChemStation Rev. A.06.01). GSK126 Interleukin-3 receptor Chromatographic separations were performed on a Luna™ C18 reversed-phase column (100 × 4.6 mm, 5 μM particle size) connected to a guard column SecurityGuard™ (4 × 3.0 mm) filled with the same phase. The mobile phase consisted of methanol/water (12 : 88),

at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1. The detector was set at 220 nm with an attenuation of 0.01 AUFS. Quantification was relative to external standards of DON and NIV (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO) from 1 to 4 μg mL−1 in methanol/water (5 : 95). The detection limit was 5 ng g−1 for each toxin. Fusarium poae is recognized as a more prominent member of the FHB complex (Yli-Mattila et al., 2008; Kulik & Jestoi, 2009; Stenglein, 2009). Several researchers have developed specific primer pairs for PCR assays, to have a rapid, inexpensive and relative simple technique to identify F. poae isolates of cereal samples (Parry & Nicholson, 1996; Kulik, 2008; Yli-Mattila et al., 2008). Fusarium poae isolates used in our study were found to be positive based on the specific primer pair developed by Parry & Nicholson (1996). Seventeen Argentinean isolates were analysed by HPLC/FD for production of trichothecenes and only NIV was detected (0.3–8.7 μg g−1; Table 1). This was in agreement with other studies (Vogelgsang et al., 2008a ,b; Yli-Mattila et al.