.. Morphological characterization of Baricitinib FDA BRL cells After coculture in the supernatant of KCs, morphological changes of BRL cells were examined using phase contrast inverted microscopy. Figure 4A shows the morphology of control cells. At the low concentration of SiO2 NPs (50 ��g/mL), the cells appear similar to control cells (Figure 4B). With increasing condensation of SiO2 NPs (100�C800 ��g/mL), BRL cells started to shrink and became irregular in shape after coculture in the supernatant of KCs (Figure 4C�CF). Figure 4 Morphological characterization of Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells. BRL cells were treated with the supernatant of Kupffer cells stimulated by different concentrations of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs). At the end of the 24-hour exposure, BRL cells were …

Histopathology examination and immunohistochemistry of the liver The liver histopathological pictures are illustrated in Figure 5A-C. Compared with the control (Figure 5A), SiO2 NPs induced inflammatory cell infiltration at the portal area in the liver (Figure 5B and C). In addition, CD68, a KC-specific marker, was used to monitor KC activation. Compared with the control (Figure 5D), CD68-positive KCs became prominent and increased in number after the administration of SiO2 NPs (Figure 5E and F). KCs were counted in the liver sections (Figure 5G). In the control rat, the mean number of KCs was approximately seven cells/field. After exposure to SiO2 NPs for 48 hours, the number of KCs increased to 15 cells/field. Figure 5 Histological analyses and immunohistochemical stain of rat livers following an intravenous injection of silica nanoparticles (50 mg/kg body weight) at 48 hours.

(A-C) Hematoxylin-eosin stain of liver sections (200�� magnification) taken from ( … Oxidative damage in the liver The measurements of H2O2, GSH, SOD, and MDA levels in the liver are presented in Figure 6. When compared with the control, the liver exhibited a decrease in GSH activity and an elevation in MDA levels after the administration of SiO2 NPs (P < 0.05), while there were no obvious changes in the H2O2 and SOD levels. Figure 6 Changes in H2O2, GSH, SOD, and MDA levels of rat livers following an intravenous injection of SiO2 NPs (50 mg/kg body weight) at 48h. Levels of (A) H2O2; (B) GSH (C) SOD; and (D) MDA. Clinical chemistry and hematology analysis Significant changes in the serum clinical biochemistry parameters were observed after the administration of SiO2 NPs (Table 1).

When compared with the control group, AST, total bile acid, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, Entinostat and low-density lipoprotein levels were increased in the SiO2 NP group, whereas the triglyceride level was reduced. The hematology analysis (Table 2) showed that WBC, LYM, MONO, and NEU were increased, whereas the platelet count level was reduced after the administration of SiO2 NPs. The level of TNF-�� released into the serum was also elevated after the administration of SiO2 NPs.