Lens, Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, Saccharophagus degradans Feb-40 and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria str. 85–1). CusC was the second most abundant protein of the ensemble and its presence clearly correlated with CusA and CusB (124 out of 206 genomes); however the three genes are contiguous in only 44 Enterobacterial genomes. CopA, the most abundant protein of the sample with a physiological role as an internal membrane ATPase, was identified in the chromosomes of 70 genera with few exceptions:

Baumania, Buchnera, Coxiella, Dichelobacter, one Escherichia, Francisella, two Haemophilus, Wigglesworthia, seven Xanthomonas and Xylella. CueP CueP was found in 35 organisms from 6 genera click here www.selleckchem.com/products/Nutlin-3.html (Citrobacter, Salmonella, Pectobacterium, Yersinia, Ferrimonas and Shewanella) belonging to only three families (Enterobacteriaceae, Cell Cycle inhibitor Ferrimonadaceae and Shewanellaceae). The presence correlation of CueP was the lowest of the experiment, coexisting with PcoC-CutF-YebZ-CueO and CopA-CusC in Enterobacteriaceae (ten Yersinia, one Citrobacter and sixteen Salmonella); with PcoC-CueO-YebZ-CutF, CopA-CusA-CusB-CusC and CusF in one Yersinia and one Citrobacter; with CopA-CusA-CusB-CusC and CusF or CutF in Ferrimonas and Pectobacterium; and with PcoA-PcoB, PcoC, PcoE, CopA-CusA-CusB-CusC and CusF in Shewanella. From this analysis, an apparent phylogenetic

consistency in the distribution of the clusters at the family level was evident. Double optimization and repertoire identification With the aim to identify particular combinations of the 14 seed proteins without the restrain imposed by a phylogenetic classification, we decided to perform the double optimization of the presence/absence profile (Figure 4). This analysis allowed the identification of nine clearly defined clades which represent the existing repertoires of periplasmic copper homeostasis proteins in gamma proteobacteria. In the

first one (clade 0) we identified 13 organisms from seven genera that lack all seed proteins: Baumannia, Carseonella, Riesia, Buchnera, Hamiltonella, Blochmannia and Wigglesworthia. All these organisms are endosymbionts with reduced genomes suggesting the loss of copper homeostasis genes in response to the negligible role of copper homeostasis in their biological not functions and environment. Figure 4 Two-dimensional optimization of the phylogenetic profile of periplasmic copper homeostasis proteins. Clustering optimization was rearranged for taxonomic categories preserving the previously optimized arrangement of protein presence. Eight proteins repertoires were identified (marked with dots). Shade scale represents the fractional abundance of a seed protein within a genus. The second repertoire (clade 1) is depicted in Figure 5a and comprises two organisms from the same genus, Thioalkalovibrio.