Infect Immun 1980, 28:899–908.PubMed 56. Wang EW, Agostini G, Olomu O, Runco D, Jung JY, Chole RA: Gentian violet and ferric ammonium citrate disrupt Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Laryngoscope 2008, 118:2050–2056.PubMedCrossRef 57. Strom MS, Lory S: Cloning and expression of the pilin gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK in Escherichia

coli. J Bacteriol 1986, 165:367–372.PubMed 58. Holloway BW, Krishnapillai V, Morgan click here AF: Chromosomal genetics of Pseudomonas. Microbiol Rev 1979, 43:73–102.PubMed 59. Pearson JP, Pesci EC, Iglewski BH: Roles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa las and rhl quorum-sensing systems in control of elastase and rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes. J Bacteriol 1997, 179:5756–5767.PubMed 60. Brint JM, Ohman DE: Synthesis

of multiple exoproducts in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is under the control of RhlR-RhlI, another set of regulators in strain PAO1 with homology to the autoinducer-responsive LuxR-LuxI family. J Bacteriol 1995, 177:7155–7163.PubMed 61. Jacobs MA, Alwood A, Thaipisuttikul I, Spencer D, Haugen E, Ernst www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html S, Will O, Kaul R, Raymond C, Levy R, Chun-Rong L, Guenthner D, Bovee D, Olson MV, Manoil C: Comprehensive transposon mutant library of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100:14339–14344.PubMedCrossRef 62. Malone CL, Boles BR, Lauderdale KJ, Thoendel M, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR: Fluorescent reporters for Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Methods 2009, 77:251–260.PubMedCrossRef 63. Smith A, Iglewski BH: Transformation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by electroporation. Nucleic Acids Res 1989, 17:10509.PubMedCrossRef 64. Hammond A, Dertien J, Colmer-Hamood JA, Griswold JA, Hamood AN: Serum PRKD3 inhibits P. aeruginosa biofilm formation

on plastic surfaces and intravenous catheters. J Surg Res 2010, 159:735–746.PubMedCrossRef 65. O’Toole GA, Kolter R: Initiation of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 proceeds via multiple, convergent signalling pathways: a genetic analysis. Mol Microbiol 1998, 28:449–461.PubMedCrossRef Authors’ contributions CH designed portions of the study, conducted all experiments, and wrote the SBI-0206965 nmr manuscript. ANH coordinated the project, designed portions of the study, and helped draft and revise the manuscript. JACH analyzed and interpreted data and critically revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background The cell envelope of bacterial pathogens is critical for survival both in a host during infection and in the environment outside of the host. As the interface between the bacterium and the outside milieu, the cell envelope acts as a barrier protecting the cell against extracellular hazards. Cell envelope structures are also intimately involved in the formation of contacts with host tissues during infection.