equorum Chicken 3 I ND 16 32 >64 >128 4 4 ERY, TET TYTJC8 S. equorum Chicken 3 I ND 16 32 64 64 16 2 OXA, CIP, GEN, ERY TDPJC13 S. sciuri Chicken 1 E P 64 64 >64 >128 32 4 OXA, CIP, GEN, TET TDPJC5 S. sciuri Chicken 1 R ND 32 >64 >64 >128 >64 16 OXA, GEN, ERY, TET TLKJC2 S. sciuri Chicken 6 Q P 16 >64 >64 >128 16 8 OXA, CIP, GEN, ERY, TET TDP12 S. simulans Pork 1 A ND >64 64 64 64 16 4 OXA, CIP, GEN, ERY, RIF TDP24 S. simulans Pork 1 B ND 32 >64 >64 64 2 4 TET THTJC2 S. simulans Chicken 5 O P 64 32 >64 >128 4 4 OXA, CIP, GEN, ERY, RIF TLD12 S. simulans Pork 2 K P >64 >64 >64 >128 64 8 OXA, CIP, GEN, ERY,
RIF, TET TLD20 S. simulans Pork 2 M P >64 >64 >64 128 32 4 OXA, CIP, GEN, ERY, RIF, TET TLD22 S. simulans Pork
2 G2 P 16 >64 >64 128 8 8 CIP, GEN, ERY, TET TYT6 S. simulans Pork 3 G1 ND 16 >64 >64 >128 64 4 OXA, ERY, TET Recipient RN4220 S. see more aureus 4 4 0.25 0.5 0.25 1 ND RN4220-pHNLKJC2 S. aureus 32 64 16 16 8 4 ND DH5α E. coli 4 buy Napabucasin 4 – - – - ND DH5α-pUC18-cfr E. coli 8 8 – - – - ND ATCC 29213 S. aureus 2 2 0.12 0.5 0.06 1 aPatterns that differed https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Trichostatin-A.html from pattern A by six or more bands were considered to represent different strains. Patterns that differed by fewer than six bands were considered to represent subtypes within the main group (e.g.,L1, L2). bP, plasmid; ND, not determined. cCHL, chloramphenicol; FFC, florfenicol; CLR, clindamycin; TIA, tiamulin; VAL, valnemulin; LZD, linezolid. MIC was not measured because of known intrinsic resistance or naturally
high MICs. dThe results were interpreted according to Eucast breakpoints ( http://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/). OXA, oxacillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; GEN, gentamycin; ERY, erythromycin; RIF, rifamycin; TET, tetracycline. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. ND, not determined. Results of Southern blotting indicated that 14 isolates harbored cfr in their plasmid DNA (Table 1). The remaining eight isolates appeared to carry cfr in their genomic DNA; however, this assumption needs to be further confirmed by S1-PFGE. SPTLC1 Only one cfr-carrying plasmid (designated as pHNLKJC2) that originated from a chicken isolate, TLKJC2, was transformed into Staphylococcus aureus RN4220. The transformant was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cfr; it showed the same PFGE pattern as that of Staphylococcus aureus RN4220. Antimicrobial susceptibility of cfr-positive Staphylococcus isolates and the transformants All of the 22 cfr-positive staphylococcal isolates had elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against chloramphenicol (16 to > 64 mg/L), florfenicol (32 to >64 mg/L), clindamycin (≥64 mg/L), tiamulin (64 to > 128 mg/L), valnemulin (0.5 to >64 mg/L), and linezolid (2 to 16 mg/L) (Table 1). In addition, 18, 14, 13, 17, 6, and 17 isolates exhibited resistance to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline, respectively.