Due to statistically different CD8+/CD4+ T-cell ratios between TcL classes (Fig. 3) and a weak correlation between CMV seropositivity and TcL class belonging (τ=0.298, p<0.01), we analyzed viral serological status and the incidence of infections in the STA GenHomme cohort. As herpes viruses such as CMV have been shown to produce long-term alterations in the CD8+ TCR repertoire 13, we noticed that CMV seropositivity was weakly correlated to the absolute number of peripheral CD8+ T cells (Kendall test, τ=0.166, p<0.01). The categorization into four TcL classes highlighted that patients within TcL classes 3 and 4, when compared with patients within TcL class 1, exhibit a greater

number of CD8+ T cells (TcL classes 3 and 4=669±360 cells/μL, TcL class 1=370±216 cells/μL,

p<0.01) and a greater prevalence of CMV seropositivity (CMV+ patients: TcL classes 3 and 4=57%, TcL 1=18%, χ2, p<0.01). Moreover, although 36% of the STA learn more patients display PD0325901 concentration CMV seropositivity, 70% of the TOL recipients with lowest level of TCR repertoire alteration and 64% of CHR with the highest level of TCR repertoire alterations were positive for anti-CMV IgG, showing that no correlation with CMV exists within these two groups of patients. To confirm this result, we investigated the contribution of CMV-specific clones to the highly selected T-cell clones in the PBMC and CD8+ T-cell subset. Among the STA cohort, we selected CMV seropositive HLA-A2 patients (n=2) that belong to TcL class 3. CD8+ T cells, pp65-HLA-A2 tetramer-positive and -negative fractions were FACS-sorted. pp65 specificity was chosen because 70–90% of all CTL recognizing CMV-infected cells are pp65 specific 14. By comparing the CDR3-LD (Supporting Information Fig. 4A and B), we confirmed that CD8+ T cells account for the majority of the alterations found in the PBMC repertoire 10, 15. Interestingly, these alterations are found in the pp65-HLA-A2 tetramer-negative Atazanavir CD8+ T cells. A quantitative analysis of the differences calculated Vβ by Vβ between all fractions confirm for both individuals that

pp65-HLA-A2 tetramer-negative CD8+ T cells are highly similar to total CD8+ T-cell fraction, whereas important differences are noted with the pp65-HLA-A2 tetramer-positive fraction (Supporting Information Fig. 5). A detailed review of the CDR3-LD in Supporting Information Fig. 4A shows three situations: (i) the pp65-HLA-A2 tetramer-positive CD8+ T cells exhibit the same Vβ CDR3-LD as the negative fraction (Vβ1, Vβ2, Vβ11, Vβ12.1, Vβ15, Vβ17 and Vβ24); (ii) particular expansions are revealed in the positive fraction, but without modifying the CD8+ T-cell Vβ spectratype (Vβ3, Vβ4, Vβ5.2, Vβ6.4, Vβ7, Vβ8, Vβ9, Vβ12.2, Vβ13.5, Vβ14, Vβ16, Vβ18, Vβ21, Vβ22 and Vβ23) and (iii), a few CD8+ T-cell Vβ CDR3-LD are modified by expansions in the pp65-HLA-A2 tetramer-positive fraction (Vβ5.1, Vβ6.1, Vβ6.