Data presented here are from the FTAS. Parent�Cteen discussions were conducted separately for each parent, with order of administration randomly www.selleckchem.com/products/Imatinib(STI571).html determined. Ninety-three percent were conducted in families�� homes (with the remaining families choosing to conduct the visit in the University library or nearby public spaces, such as a library meeting room). Measures FTAS Paradigm The FTAS is a 10-min semistructured family interaction paradigm. It employs a flip-card methodology (Cui & Conger, 2008) as a means of jump-starting family conversations about salient facets of smoking. Each flip card included a ��conversational trigger,�� designed to directly elicit or ��press�� for variability on smoking-related topics.

The five FTAS triggers were ��Let’s talk about �� �� (a) How people in our family feel about cigarette smoking�� (teen), (b)��My experiences with cigarettes and smoking�� (parent), (c) ��How today’s teens make decisions about cigarette smoking�� (teen); ��What parents do if they find out that their teen is smoking�� (parent), and (d) ��What parents do if they find out that their teen has become a regular smoker�� (parent). Families were encouraged to try and discuss all five questions and to use the full 10 min for their discussions. Thus, some families moved through all five questions rapidly, whereas others lingered on a particular question and moved more rapidly through others. The triggers were alternated by parent and teen. Several steps were taken to enhance the ecological validity of the FTAS. First, discussions occurred at home.

Second, a neutral warm up task focused on general aspects of ��family life�� was used to foster a sense of ease prior to the FTAS. Third, field staff left the room during the discussions and remotely monitored the discussions from another room. The FTAS did not prompt teens to disclose their smoking behavior. Thus, parental knowledge of teens�� smoking behavior was derived from prior knowledge and parental solicitations and/or teens�� spontaneous disclosures during the FTAS. FTAS Coding System The FTAS is a global rather than event-based coding system. Coding is based on observation of the full discussion segment. Codes are integrative judgments that include both qualitative (e.g., intensity, pervasiveness) and quantitative (e.g., frequency) aspects of conversational behavior.

Behavior is coded along a 9-point Anacetrapib scale ranging from ��Not at all characteristic�� to ��Mainly characteristic.�� FTAS code development was based on theory (e.g., Darling & Cumsille, 2003; Dierker et al., 2004; Graber & Brooks-Gunn, 1999; Schulenberg et al., 1997), operationalization of key constructs from questionnaire studies (e.g., Chassin et al., 2005; Harakeh, 2006; Middlecamp-Kodl & Mermelstein, 2004), and refinement via observation of FTAS pilot tapes.