Age was stratified into less than or equal to 60 and PS-341 Proteases inhibitor greater than 60. Surgical approach was stratified into anterior only, posterior only, and combined anterior/posterior.

Results. A total of 4980 cases of AS were submitted from 2004 to 2007. There were 521 patients with complications (10.5%), and a total of 669 complications (13.4%). The most common complications were dural tear 142 (2.9%), superficial wound infection 46 (0.9%), deep wound infection 73 (1.5%), implant complication

80 (1.6%), acute neurological deficits 49 (1.0%), delayed neurological deficits 41 (0.5%), epidural hematoma 12 (0.2%), wound hematoma 22 (0.4%), pulmonary embolus 12 (0.2%), and deep venous thrombosis 9 (0.2%). There were 17 deaths (0.3%). There were 2555 patients with degenerative

and 2425 patients with adult idiopathic scoliosis. Complication rates in these two groups were not significantly different (11.0% and 9.9%, respectively, P = 0.20). Age was not associated with complication rate (P = 0.32). Significantly higher complication rates were identified in osteotomies, revision surgery, and/or combined anterior-posterior surgery (P = 0.0006, 0.006, and 0.03, respectively).

Conclusions. The overall complication rate for AS treatment is 13.4%. Complication rate is significantly higher when osteotomies, GSK2126458 revision procedures, and combined anterior/posterior Kinesin inhibitor approaches are used. Complication rate is not influenced by scoliosis type or age.”
“Polyurethane (PU) has widespread applications in implantable devices because of its excellent mechanical and biocompatible properties, whereas weak biostability limits its long-term implantation. The introduction of silicone rubber (SR) onto the PU surface is an effective method for

improving the biostability of PU, but the adhesion of these two polymers is unsatisfactory. In this study, the surface modification of PU via grafting through the introduction of vinyl and Si-H groups onto the PU surface was attempted to improve the adhesion of PU to SR. Fourier transform infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to investigate the graft reaction on the PU surface. The interfacial and surface morphology was characterized with scanning electron microscopy. Different PU/SR interfaces after oscillation and shear were compared as well. The results indicated that the PU surface was activated by diisocyanate, which generated free isocyanate groups for the further grafting of vinyl and Si-H groups. When addition-type, room-temperature-vulcanized SR was poured onto the PU surface, the vinyl and Si-H groups on the PU surface underwent an addition reaction, which improved the adhesion of PU and SR by connecting them with chemical bonds. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.