A single-foot balance test was carried out using the Biodex Balance System equipment, comparing the dominant leg with the nondominant leg of the same individual, concluding that lower-limb dominance did selleck chemicals not influence single-foot balance among sedentary males. The upper limb was the subject of Bajuri et al. 15 who analyzed the outcomes of clavicle fractures in 70 adults treated non-surgically and to evaluate the clinical effects of displacement, fracture patterns, fracture location, fracture comminution, shortening and fracture union on shoulder function.There were statistically significant functional outcome impairments in non-surgically treated clavicle fractures that correlated with the fracture type (comminution), the fracture displacement (21 mm or more), shortening (15 mm or more) and the fracture union (malunion).
They stress the need for surgical intervention to treat clavicle fractures and improve shoulder functional outcomes. Hand arthritis was studied by Bisneto et al. 16 who prospectively compared the functional results of carpectomy vs. four-corner fusion surgical procedures for treating osteoarthrosis following carpal trauma in 20 patients who underwent either proximal row carpectomy or four-corner fusion to treat wrist arthritis and their functional results were compared. Both procedures reduced the pain, but all patients had a decreased range of motion after surgery. Functional results of the two procedures were similar as both reduced pain in patients with scapholunate advanced collapse/scaphoid non-union advanced collapse wrist without degenerative changes in the midcarpal joint Orthopedics of the head and neck were the subject of two articles: in a murine model, Mari��ba et al.
17 investigated in male Wistar rats the effects of thyroid hormones(known to regulate the expression of genes that control bone mass and the oxidative properties of muscles) on the stomatognathic system issue by evaluating: (i) osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontine (OPN) mRNA expression in the maxilla,(ii) myoglobin mRNA and protein expression, (iii) fiber composition of the masseter. Thyroidectomy increased osteoprotegerin and osteopontine mRNA expression, while T3 treatment reduced osteoprotegerin (~40%) and osteopontine. Masseter Mb mRNA expression and fiber type composition remained unchanged, despite the induction of hypo- and hyperthyroidism.
However, myoglobin content was decreased in thyroidectomized rats, even after T3 treatment. Authors claim that their data indicate that thyroid hormones interfere with maxilla remodeling and the oxidative properties of the masseter, influencing the function of the stomatognathic Anacetrapib system. Pinto et al. 18 endeavored to identify factors that may cause complications and influence the final result from reconstructions using pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps (PMMFs) for head and neck defect repair following cancer resection.