96, P = 0.008 for GG vs. CG + CC; OR = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.69-0.91, P = 0.001 for GG vs. CC; OR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.84-0.96, P = 0.002 for G vs. C), but not in Asians. This meta-analysis suggests that the GG genotype selleck compound of NEDD9 rs760678 polymorphism would be a protective factor for AD in Caucasians but not in Asians. To further evaluate the effect of gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions between NEDD9 rs760678

polymorphism and the risk of AD, more studies with larger number of subjects are required. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In persons with functional somatic symptoms (FSS), no conventionally defined organic pathology is apparent. It has been suggested that complex interactions of psychological, physiological, and social factors are involved in the find more etiology of FSS. One of the physiological mechanisms that may contribute to FSS is the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. This study investigates the association of HPA-axis function with cross-sectional presence and prospective development of FSS in the general population. This study was performed in a population-based cohort of 741 mate and

female adults (mean age 53.1, S.D. 10.9). Participants completed the somatization section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) in which the presence of 43 FSS is surveyed. In addition to TCL the total number of FSS, bodily system FSS clusters with musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, cardiorespiratory, and general symptoms were constructed. HPA-axis function was assessed by measuring 24-h urinary free cortisol (24-h UFC) excretion. Followup measurements were performed approximately 2 years later. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, depression, exercise frequency, and urinary volume. Regression analysis detected no cross-sectional association between 24-h UFC excretion and the number

of FSS (beta = -0.021, t = -0.521, p = 0.603). In addition, 24-h UFC. excretion was not associated with any of the bodily system FSS clusters (all p > 0.050). Furthermore, 24-h UFC excretion did not predict new-onset FSS in the 2-year follow-up period (beta = 0.021, t = 0.566, p = 0.572). We conclude that this study does not provide evidence for an association between altered HPA-axis function, as indexed by 24-h UFC, and FSS in the general population. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Proteasome impairment and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins are implicated in neurodegeneration associated with different forms of spinal cord injury. We show herein that elevating cAMP in rat spinal cord neurons increases 265 proteasome activity in a protein kinase A-dependent manner.