2b. Therefore, they may be responsible for click here the hydrolysis of RNA by a mechanism similar to RNase A. However, due to localization of aspartic acid (D535) on the surface of catalytic domain as shown in Fig. 2b, its role in RNA hydrolysis by mechanism similar to barnase and colicin E3 cannot be ruled out. Therefore, to determine individual role of conserved amino acid residues in the putative active site of catalytic domain of

xenocin, site-directed mutagenesis was performed. All the conserved amino acid residues were mutated to alanine, and endogenous toxicity assay was performed with each mutant strain. Growth profile of JSR4 strain–containing vector alone was considered as 100% and compared with growth profile of D535A, H538A, E542A, H551A, K564A and R570A strains. From the predicted structure of catalytic domain of xenocin as shown in Fig. 2b, it was observed that H538 was the most surface-exposed histidine residue among the four other present in the catalytic domain. Endogenous assay showed that mutation at H538 position results in the reduction of toxicity by more than 90% after 8 h postinduction as shown in Fig. 2c, which confirmed the role D535 as an important residue of the putative active site. As second conserved histidine residues H551 was nearer to H538 and exposed on the surface, it

may behave as the second histidine residue required for the hydrolysis of RNA by a mechanism similar to RNase A ribonuclease. Therefore, PS-341 mw H551 was mutated to alanine, and endogenous assay was performed. Results showed that there was only 50% reduction in endogenous toxicity in H551A strain after 8 h of induction as shown in Fig. 2c. One reason for such minimum reduction in endogenous toxicity in H551A strain is that it could be due to partial exposure of H551 to the surface as compared to H538 as revealed by the surface view model of catalytic domain as buy Sunitinib shown in

Fig. 2b. This result indicates that RNA hydrolysis mechanism of catalytic domain of xenocin is different from RNase A ribonuclease. D535 and E542 are two acidic amino acid residues that are conserved, exposed to surface as well as close to the H538 as shown in Fig. 2a and b. These two residues may be responsible for the hydrolysis of RNA by mechanism similar to barnase and colicin E3. Therefore, these two residues were mutated to alanine and analysed by endogenous assay. Endogenous toxicity assay result showed that toxicity was reduced by 70% after 8 h postinduction in E542A strain as shown in Fig. 2c. Structural studies showed that E542 was also a part of cleft formed by D535 and H538, which is exposed to the surface as shown in Fig. 2b. However, studies with D535 strain showed significant reduction (88%) in the endogenous toxicity after 8 h postinduction as shown in Fig. 2c; moreover, D535 was the closest amino acid residue with respect to H538 as shown in Fig. 2a.