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“Demonstration of substance abuse (drugs) and methods prohibited in top sports, what we call the fight against doping in sports, is based on the detection and characterization of foreign substances in biological samples of athletes (urine, blood, hair). Such an approach is effective, but has many drawbacks. Therefore, we are looking for new ways of proving abuse of prohibited substances and methods. One of these is the strategy of long-term selleck compound monitoring of biomarkers for identifying and sanctioning blood doping in athletes. This strategy is based on the assumption that doping

will change values of biomarkers of the athlete that are otherwise kept in homeostasis. If we use a validated β-Nicotinamide mathematical model, it is possible to determine whether the change in the values of biomarkers is due to doping or due to natural variations. Such a model is a

biological passport, which enables the identification of the abnormal blood changes in biological indicators of the athlete. Since 2010 it has been possible to introduce sanctions against the athlete for breach of anti-doping rules based solely on an abnormal change of biomarkers. The introduction of the biological passport is a milestone in demonstrating drug abuse in sports, because it substantiates the abnormal deviations of biomarkers from the expected, although the cause of it remains unknown.”
“This paper compares three methods for estimating renal function, as tested in rats. Acute renal failure (ARF) was induced via a 60-min bilateral renal artery clamp in 8 Sprague-Dawley rats and renal function was monitored for 1 week post-surgery. A two-compartment model was developed for estimating glomerular filtration via a bolus injection selleck of a radio-labelled inulin tracer, and was compared with an estimated creatinine clearance method, modified using the Cockcroft-Gault equation for rats. These two methods were compared with selected ion

flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) monitoring of breath analytes. Determination of renal function via SIFT-MS is desirable since results are available non-invasively and in real time. Relative decreases in renal function show very good correlation between all 3 methods (R(2) = 0.84, 0.91 and 0.72 for breath-inulin, inulin-creatinine, and breath-creatinine correlations, respectively), and indicate good promise for fast, non-invasive determination of renal function via breath testing. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Although the cultivable and noncultivable microbial diversity of spacecraft assembly clean rooms has been previously documented using conventional and state-of-the-art molecular techniques, the occurrence of obligate anaerobes within these clean rooms is still uncertain.