In this study, we compared the viability of MSCs from end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients undergoing long-term dialysis (KD-MSCs)

and healthy controls (HC-MSCs). Methods: MSCs were isolated from adipose tissues of patients undergoing long-term dialysis (mean: 72.3 months) Palbociclib chemical structure and healthy controls. KD-MSCs and HC-MSCs were assessed for their proliferation potential, senescence, and differentiation capacities for adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Gene expression of stem cell-specific transcription factors was analyzed by PCR array and confirmed by western blot analysis at the protein level. Results: No significant differences of proliferation potential, senescence, or differentiation capacity were observed in KD-MSCs and HC-MSCs. However, gene and protein expression of p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) was significantly suppressed in KD-MSCs. Because PCAF is a histone acetyltransferase that mediates regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α),

we examined the hypoxic response in MSCs. KD-MSCs showed no upregulation of PCAF protein expression under hypoxia compared with that in HC-MSCs. Similarly, HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor MAPK Inhibitor Library price (VEGF) expression did not increase under hypoxia in KD-MSCs but increased in HC-MSCs. Conclusion: Long-term uremia leads to persistent and systematic downregulation of gene and protein expression of PCAF in MSCs from patients with ESKD. Furthermore, PCAF, HIF-1α, and VEGF expression showed no upregulation by hypoxic stimulation of KD-MSCs. These results suggest that the hypoxic response may be blunted in MSCs from ESKD patients. ASADA MISAKO, NAKAMURA JIN Department of Nephrology in Kyoto University Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher prevalence, severity, and mortality of sepsis. However, the mechanism that CKD influences the outcome of sepsis remains unclear. The main cause of death in septic patients is multi-organ failure, and increasing evidences support the

presence of crosstalk between kidney and other distant organs via soluble and cellular inflammatory mediators. Here we investigated the influences GPX6 of CKD on kidney-brain crosstalk in the context of systemic inflammation. Methods: We divided C57BL/6J male mice (8∼9 week) into 4 groups: sham-operated mice injected with vehicle (sham/vehicle mice), sham mice injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 2.5 mg/kg BW)(sham/LPS mice), mice operated with unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO)(UUO mice), and mice operated with UUO and injected with LPS (UUO/LPS mice). Mice were sacrificed 5 days after the operation, and organs were subjected to histological analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: The expression of IL-6, TNF-a and MCP1 was significantly up-regulated in both kidneys of UUO/LPS mice compared to that of UUO and sham/LPS mice.