Participants completed 180 trials in total Orientation task Six

Participants completed 180 trials in total. Orientation task. Six clock face stimuli consisting of a ring and a radius-long clock hand were simultaneously presented on the computer screen for 100 ms. The orientation of each clock hand was randomly selected from 1° to 360°. Participants remembered as many orientations of the clock hands as possible over a 900 ms retention interval. After the retention interval, a probe ring was presented at one of the stimulus locations. Participants reported the orientation of the clock hand presented at the probe location by clicking on the rim of the ring (see Fig. 1). The probe stayed on the screen until a response was made. Participants

completed 192 trials in total. Motion task. Six motion stimuli were simultaneously presented on the computer screen for 1 s. A GSK126 concentration motion stimulus was a circular field of moving dots whose motion were 100% coherent (i.e. all the dots moved in one direction). The motion direction for each field was randomly selected from 1° to 360°. Participants remembered as many motion directions as possible over a 900 ms retention interval. After the retention interval, a probe ring was presented at one of the stimulus locations. Similarly to the orientation task, participants reported the motion direction of the stimulus presented at the probe location by clicking on the rim of the ring (see Fig. 1). The probe stayed on the screen until a response

was made. Participants completed 180 trials in total. Shape task. Six shape find more stimuli were Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase simultaneously presented on the computer screen for 1 s. Shape stimuli were randomly chosen from a stimulus set borrowed from Zhang and Luck (2008). This stimulus set consisted of 180 shapes that varies on a circular continuum. Participants remembered as many shape stimuli as possible over a 900 ms retention interval. After the retention interval, a question mark was presented at one of the stimulus locations along with a shape ring that consisted of

12 shapes that were evenly spaced on the circular shape continuum. Participants reported the shape of the stimulus presented at the probe location by clicking the corresponding location on the shape ring (see Fig. 1). Note that participants’ response was not limited to the locations of 12 shapes, but they were encouraged to click in between the shapes by extrapolation. Participants completed 180 trials in total. Space task. Six letter stimuli (A, B, C, D, E, and F) were simultaneously presented on an imaginary circle on the computer screen for 100 ms. Participants remembered as many locations of the stimuli as possible over a 900 ms retention interval. After the retention interval, a probe letter (A, B, C, D, E, or F) was presented at the center of the screen along with a grey ring at the location of the imaginary circle. Participants reported the location of the probe letter by clicking on the grey ring (see Fig. 1). The probe and the ring stayed on the screen until a response was made.

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